The Colombian Regeneration (1886-1900) found in the political and intellectual trajectory of Miguel A. Caro one of its main references. The present article traces a triple critical approach to its philosophical work, always marked by the rejection of liberalism and the inheritance of the Enlightement, as well as by the fidelity to an ultra-conservative Catholicism and an against revolutionary vision of politics. It is revised, firstly, Caro’s foundation of knowledge, trying to reconcile certain rationalism with the subordination to the religious authority. In the second place, his conception highly confessional of the State, manifested for example in his vision of the cults and teaching freedom. Finally, his conception of the national identity, inspired on the cultural tradition of the colony and its continuity under the political processes of the emancipation, will be explored.