The ambiguity of terms ‘racism’ and ‘anti-racism’ and the ever changing realities they refer to, lead the author of this essay to explore, hand in hand, with the French philosopher P.-A. Taguieff, some attitudes, ideological presuppositions, and practices involved in this worrying struggle. The author suggests a double classification of these words, which, as every categorization, evolves throughout history up to the France of these days, where a tension between several cultures acknowledgment by universal values such as Human Rights, and claims for a right to the difference, at the same time, would prevent to pronounce a judgment of value about immensurable cultures.