The relevance of glucocorticoid receptor in early stress
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Aug 10, 2010
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown how Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal Axis dysfunction is related to early life stress; several works show that Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal Axishyperactivity increases production of ACTH and glucocorticoids, indicating a pathophysiological key factor in stress related diseases like depression.
This review will discuss results of some epigenetical studies linking early life stress, decreased production of the glucocorticoid receptor and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal Axis hyperactivity. We conclude how early life stress modulates the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor affecting the development of several brain structures involved in the stress response.
Keywords
estrés, depresión, glucocorticoide, desarrollo, stress, depression, system, glucocorticoid, development,
References
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26. Maccari S, Darnaudery M, Morley-Fletcher S, Zuena AR, Cinque C, Van Reeth O. Prenatal stress and long-term consequences: implications of glucocorticoid hormones. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2003;27:119-27.
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28. Oberlander TF, Weinberg J, Papsdorf M, Grunau R, Misri S, Devlin AM. Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses. Epigenetics. 2008;3:97-106.
29. McGowan PO, Sasaki A, D’Alessio AC, Dymov S, Labonté B, Szyf M, Turecki G, Meaney MJ. Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12:342-8.
2. Pariante CM, Lightman SL. The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments. Trends Neurosci. 2008;31:464-8.
3. Herman JP, Cullinan WE, Morano MI, Akil H, Watson SJ. Contribution of the ventral subiculum to inhibitory regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. J Neuroendocrinol. 1995;7:475-82.
4. Joëls M, Karst H, Krugers H, Lucassen PJ. Chronic stress: Implications for neuronal morphology, function and neurogenesis. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2007;28:72-96.
5. Halligan SL, Herbert J, Goodyer IM, Murray L. Exposure to postnatal depression predicts elevated cortisol in adolescent offspring. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:376-81.
6. Lupien SJ, King S, Meaney MJ, McEwen BS. Can poverty get under
your skin? Basal cortisol levels and cognitive function in children from low and high socioeconomic status. Dev Psychopathol. 2001;13:651-74.
7. McCormick JA, Lyons V, Jacobson MD, Noble J, Diorio J, Nyirenda M,
Weaver S, Ester W, Yau JL, Meaney MJ, Seckl JR, Chapman KE.5'-heterogeneity of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA is tissue specific: differential regulation of variant transcripts by early-life events. Mol Endocrinol. 2000;14:506-17.
8. Yehuda R, Engel SM, Brand SR, Seckl J, Marcus SM, Berkowitz GS.
Transgenerational effects of posttraumatic stress disorder in babies of mothers exposed to the World Trade Center attacks during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:4115-8.
9. Furay AR, Muglia LJ, Bruestle AE, Kasckow JW, Herman JP. Forebrain
glucocorticoid receptor in HPA axis regulation during chronic variable stress. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2006;27:47-8.
10. Netherton C, Goodyer I, Tamplin A, Herbert J. Salivary cortisol and
dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to puberty and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29:125-40.
11. Touitou Y, Sulon J, Bogdan A, Touitou C, Reinberg A, Beck H, Sodoyez JC, Demey-Ponsart E, Van Cauwenberge H. Adrenal circadian system in young and elderly human subjects: a comparative study. J Endocrinol. 1982;93:201-10.
12. Yehuda R. Post-traumatic stress disorder. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:108-14.
13. Engelmann M, Landgraf R, Wotjak C. The hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis under stress: an old concept revisited. Front Neuroendocrinol.
2004;25:131-49.
14. López-Durán NL, Kovacs M, George CJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in depressed children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34: 1272-83.
15. Modell S, Yassouridis A, Huber J, Holsboer F. Corticosteroid receptor
function is decreased in depressed patients. Neuroendocrinology. 1997;
65:216-22.
16. Joëls M. Corticosteroid effects in the brain: U-shape it. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006;27:244-50.
17. Joëls M, Baram TZ. The neuro-symphony of stress. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:459-66.
18. Ulrich-Lai YM, Herman JP. Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:397-409.
19. Lupien SJ, McEwen BS, Gunnar MR, Heim C. Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10: 434-45.
20. Darnaudéry M, Maccari S. Epigenetic programming of the stress response in male and female rats by prenatal restraint stress. Brain Res Rev. 2008; 57:571-85.
21. Jirtle RL, Skinner MK. Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility. Nat Rev Genet. 2007;8:253-62.
22. Heim C, Newport DJ, Heit S, Graham YP, Wilcox M, Bonsall R, Miller AH, Nemeroff CB. Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in
women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. JAMA. 2000;284:592-7.
23. Heim C, Mletzko T, Purselle D, Musselman DL, Nemeroff CB. The dexamethasone/ corticotropin-releasing factor test in men with major depression: role of childhood trauma. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63:398-405.
24. Shea A, Walsh C, Macmillan H, Steiner M. Child maltreatment and HPA axis dysregulation: relationship to major depressive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder in females. Psychoneuroendocrinology.
2005;30:162-78.
25. Liu D, Diorio J, Tannenbaum B, Caldji C, Francis D, Freedman A, Sharma S, Pearson D, Plotsky PM, Meaney MJ. Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal responses to stress. Science. 1997; 77:1659-62.
26. Maccari S, Darnaudery M, Morley-Fletcher S, Zuena AR, Cinque C, Van Reeth O. Prenatal stress and long-term consequences: implications of glucocorticoid hormones. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2003;27:119-27.
27. Maccari S, Morley-Fletcher S. Effects of prenatal restraint stress on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and related behavioural and neurobiological alterations. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007;32(Suppl.1):S10-5.
28. Oberlander TF, Weinberg J, Papsdorf M, Grunau R, Misri S, Devlin AM. Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses. Epigenetics. 2008;3:97-106.
29. McGowan PO, Sasaki A, D’Alessio AC, Dymov S, Labonté B, Szyf M, Turecki G, Meaney MJ. Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12:342-8.
How to Cite
Rodríguez Fernández, J. M., & García Acero, M. (2010). The relevance of glucocorticoid receptor in early stress. Universitas Medica, 51(4), 385–391. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed51-4.pget
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Short Reviews