The model of complexity against common psychological anxiety towards death models
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Jun 15, 2010
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Abstract
Anxiety towards death has been a subject of investigation since different psychological perspectives. It takes part in tanatology courses directed for health careers students and for health professional attending terminal patients. Anxiety towards death is a complex phenomenon which involves the individual coping skills but also the confrontation of the individual´s whole life experience, the integration of it and the expectations and living resolutions, the mourning into a implacable time. This checking is about anxiety towards death psychological models, such as: Psychosocial, individualists and bonding ones. Linear explanations, limits and scopes on anxiety towards death are retaken, especially when it is seen like a psychological defense, avoiding reaction, deferrings, external attribution, individualistic plenty seeking, leaving away the contradictions, ambiguities,blurrings this phenomenon has and the implications to understand and intervene it.
Keywords
ansiedad, muerte, complejidad, vincular, modelos psicológicos, anxiety, death, complexity, bond, psychological models,
References
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de Psicología. 1995;29:1-12.
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of Minnesota Press. 1982;303-64.
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23. De Paola M, Neimeyer R, Lupfer K, Fiedler N. Research about the anxiety of death in different population. Arkansas: Ohio Press. 1992;12-35.
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28. Davis SF, Martin DA, Wilee CT, Voorhees JW. Relationship of fear of death and level of self-esteem in college students. Psychological Reports. 1978;42:419-22.
29. Firestone RW. The fantasy bond: the structure of psychological defenses. Nueva York: Human Sciences Press.
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30. Vargo ME, Black F. Fear of death, approaches to this aspect. New York: Camalav Science Press. 1984.
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32. Hyams F, Domino R, Spencer R. Dynamics and development the approaches towards death and anxiety. Washington: University Press. 1987.
33. Kelly GA. The psychology of personal constructs. Nueva York: Norton. 1955.
34. Neimeyer RA, Bagley KL, Moore MK. Cognitive structure and death anxiety. Death Studies. 1986;10:270-92.
35. Rogers CR. A way of being. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 1980;76-89.
36. Rogers, C. R. A way of being. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 1980;64-91.
37. Rank O. Beyond psychology. New York: Dover. 1958.
38. Maslow AH. Toward a psychology of being. 2nd edition. Nueva York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1968;65-88.
39. Scott J. Approaches toward complexity in reality. Washington: Narvingham. 1991.
40. Zadeh J. Complexity and the logos in reality interpretation. Washington: Kourtdefron. 1987.
41. Munné F. ¿Qué es la complejidad? En: Munné F, coordinador. Encuentros en psicología social y de las organizaciones. Málaga: Aljibe. 2005;7-9.
42. Kosko B. Pensamiento borroso. La nueva ciencia de la lógica borrosa. Barcelona: Crítica. 1993.
Interamericana de Psicología. 2004; 38:23-9.
2. Munné F. El self paradójico: identidad como sustrato del self. En: Caballero D, Méndez M, Pastor J., compiladores.
La mirada psicosociológica. Grupos, procesos, lenguajes y culturas. Madrid, España: Biblioteca Nueva. 2000;740-50.
3. Rogers CR. A way of being. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 1980.
4. Kelly GA. The Psychology of personal constructs. Nueva York: Norton; 1955.
5. Maslow AH. Toward a psychology of being. 2a. edición. Nueva York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1968;72-91.
6. Erickson EH. The life cycle completed. New York: Norton. 1982.
7. Breznitz S. Cry wolf: the psychology of false alarms. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1983.
8. Durlak JA, Kass RA. Clarifying the measurement of death attitudes. Omega. 1981-1982;12:129-41.
9. Marshall VW. Death and dying. In: Man Gen D, Peterson W, compilators. Research instruments in social gerontology. Clinical and social psychology. Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press. 1982;303-81.
10. Vargo ME, Batsel WM. Relationship between death anxiety and components of the self actualization process. Psychological Reports. 1981;48:89-90.
11. De Paola M, Neimeyer R, Lupfer K, Fiedler N. Research about the anxiety of death in diferent population. Arkansas: Ohio Press. 1992;12-35.
12. Munné F. Las teorías de la complejidad y sus implicaciones en las ciencias del comportamiento. Revista Interamericana
de Psicología. 1995;29:1-12.
13. Capra F. Las conexiones ocultas. Barcelona: Anagrama. 2003.
14. Dickstein LD. Attitudes toward death anxiety and social desirability. Omega. 1977-1978;8:369-78. 299 Univ. Méd. Bogotá (Colombia), 51 (3): 290-300, julio-septiembre, 2010
15. Marshall VW. Death and dying. In: Man Gen D, Peterson W, compilators. Research instruments in social gerontology. Clinical and social psychology. Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press. 1982;303-64.
16. Erickson EH, Erickson JM, Kiunick HQ. Vital involvement in old age. Nueva York: Norton. 1986.
17. Neugarten B. Personality and aging. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, compilators. Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1984;625-49.
18. Becker E. The denial of death. New York: Free Press. 1973.
19. Breznitz S. Cry wolf: the psychology of false alarms. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. 1983.
20. Neimeyer RA, Bagley KL, Moore MK. Cognitive structure and death anxiety. Death Studies. 1986;10:270-90.
21. Vargo ME, Batsel WM. Relationship between death anxiety and components of the self actualization process. Psychological Reports. 1981;48:89-96.
22. James F, Lloyd G, Groff T. On death and dying. New York: Mac Millan. 1999.
23. De Paola M, Neimeyer R, Lupfer K, Fiedler N. Research about the anxiety of death in different population. Arkansas: Ohio Press. 1992;12-35.
24. Martínez T, Valera R, Frances D. Toward a composition of death features. Washington: SRDR Press. 2001;15-56.
25. Keller JW, Sherry D, Piotrowski C. Perspective on death: a developmental study. Journal of Psychology. 1984;116:137-42.
26. Young R, Cullen G. Cognitive structure and death process in ages. New York: PSES Press. 1996;23-54.
27. Rosenblatt A, Greenberg J, Solomon S, Pyszczynski T, Lion D. Evidence forterror management theory: the effect of mortality salience on reactions to those who violate or uphold cultural valves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989;57:681-90.
28. Davis SF, Martin DA, Wilee CT, Voorhees JW. Relationship of fear of death and level of self-esteem in college students. Psychological Reports. 1978;42:419-22.
29. Firestone RW. The fantasy bond: the structure of psychological defenses. Nueva York: Human Sciences Press.
1985.
30. Vargo ME, Black F. Fear of death, approaches to this aspect. New York: Camalav Science Press. 1984.
31. Kuperman SK, Goleen SJ. Personality correlates of attitude toward death. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1978;34:661-3.
32. Hyams F, Domino R, Spencer R. Dynamics and development the approaches towards death and anxiety. Washington: University Press. 1987.
33. Kelly GA. The psychology of personal constructs. Nueva York: Norton. 1955.
34. Neimeyer RA, Bagley KL, Moore MK. Cognitive structure and death anxiety. Death Studies. 1986;10:270-92.
35. Rogers CR. A way of being. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 1980;76-89.
36. Rogers, C. R. A way of being. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 1980;64-91.
37. Rank O. Beyond psychology. New York: Dover. 1958.
38. Maslow AH. Toward a psychology of being. 2nd edition. Nueva York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1968;65-88.
39. Scott J. Approaches toward complexity in reality. Washington: Narvingham. 1991.
40. Zadeh J. Complexity and the logos in reality interpretation. Washington: Kourtdefron. 1987.
41. Munné F. ¿Qué es la complejidad? En: Munné F, coordinador. Encuentros en psicología social y de las organizaciones. Málaga: Aljibe. 2005;7-9.
42. Kosko B. Pensamiento borroso. La nueva ciencia de la lógica borrosa. Barcelona: Crítica. 1993.
How to Cite
Álvarez, L. Y. (2010). The model of complexity against common psychological anxiety towards death models. Universitas Medica, 51(3), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed51-3.mcfm
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Short Reviews