Factors comprising the competitiveness of businesses created by women and the relationships between them
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Nov 25, 2011
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Abstract
This article is designed to identify factors, by business and by entrepreneur,
that comprise competitiveness in companies created by Colombian women. An
analysis is made of the data in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for
Colombia in 2009, related to women’s economic activity. The authors use the
methodology of the system of structural equations, which allows them to generate a scheme of relationships between variables, and to make an approach to trends in models of explanations in the social sciences. As part of the results, a model was obtained, and it proved consistent with literature on the theory of capacities and resources, in which specific factors of the business such as innovation, new technology, and the knowledge of the entrepreneur are an intrinsic part of its competitiveness, and in turn, explain the internationalization of the business.
Keywords
internationalization, capacities and resources, gender, competitivenessinternacionalización, recursos y capacidades, género, competitividadinternacionalização, recursos e capacidades, gênero, competitividade
References
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Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R. and Sourav, R. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 105-123.
Arias, A. and Peña, I. (2010). The effect of entrepreneurs' motivation and the local economic environment on young venture performance. International Journal Business Environment, 3 (1), 38-56.
Armstrong, P. and Armstrong, H. (1990). Theorizing women's work. Toronto: Garamond Press.
Autio, E.; Sapienza, H. and Almeida, J. (2000). Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5), 909-924.
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
Bates, T. (1985). Entrepreneur human capital endowments and minority business viability. Journal of Human Resources, 20 (4), 540-554.
Becker, G. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. New York: Columbia University Press.
Beltrán, E.; Maquieira, V.; Álvarez, S. y Sánchez, C. (2001). Feminismos. Debates teóricos contemporáneos. Madrid: Alianza.
Birley, S.; Moss, C. and Sanders, P. (1987). Do women entrepreneurs require different training? American Journal of Small Business, 12 (1), 27-35.
Boden, R. J. and Nucci, A. R. (2000). On the survival prospects of man's and women's new business ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 15 (4), 347-362.
Bosch, E. (2001). Nuevas estrategias en las relaciones hombre-mujer. Papeles de cuestiones internacionales, 73, 83-90.
Braidotti, R. (1991). Patterns of Dissonance. London: Polity Press.
Bruderl, J.; Preisendörfer, P. and Ziegler, R. (1992). Survival chances of newly founded business organizations. American Sociological Review, 57 (2), 227-242.
Buttner, H. and Moore, D. (1997). Women's organizational exodus to entrepreneurship: Self reported motivations and correlates with success. Journal of Small Business Management, 35, 34-46.
Cantwell, J. and Iammarino, S. (2003). Multinational Corporations and European Regional Systems of Innovation. Londres: Routledge. Base de Datos SicenceDirect.
Cantwell, J. and Molero, J. (2003). Introduction. In J. Cantwell and J. Molero (comps.). Multinational Enterprises, Innovative Strategies and Systems of Innovation. London: Edward Elgar. Base de Datos SicenceDirect.
Carlsson, B.; Jacobsson, S.; Holmen, M. and Rickne, A (2002). Innovation systems: analytical and methodological issues. Research Policy, 31 (2), 223-245.
Casrud, A.; Gaglio, C. and Olm, K. (1987). Entrepreneurs, Mentors, Networks, and Successful new venture development. American Journal of Small Business 12 (2), 13-18.
Cliff, J. E. (1998). Does one size fit all? Exploring the relationship between attitudes towards growth, gender, and business size. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 523-542.
Conner, K. R. (1991). A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: Do we have a new theory of the Firm? Journal of Management, 17 (1), 121-154.
Cooke, P.; Gómez, M. and Etxebarria, G. (1997). Regional innovation systems: institutional and organizational dimension. Research Policy, 26 (4-5).
Corona, L. (2002). Innovación y competitividad empresarial. Aportes. Revista de la Facultad de Economía, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, año 2 (20).
Craig, S. (1992). Men, Masculinity and the Media. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Cuervo, A. (1995). La dirección estratégica de la empresa. En Dirección de Empresas de los Noventa. Homenaje al profesor Marcial-Jesús López Moreno, Madrid: Editorial Civitas.
Demartino, R. and Barbato, R. (2003). Differences between women and men MBA entrepreneurs: exploring family flexibility and wealth creation as career motivators. Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (6), 815-832.
Diaz, C. y Jimenez, J. (2004). Influencia del género en la actividad empresarial: diferencias de resultados y factores de éxito. XIV Congreso Nacional de ACEDE, Murcia.
Diéguez, M.; Sinde, A. y Gueimonde, A. (2007). Teoría de recursos y capacidades y teoría del capital humano: bases teóricas de la formación de recursos humanos como mecanismo de apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías de fabricación. Alta Dirección, XLIII, 253-254, 101-109.
Fasci, M. and Valdez, J. (1998). Performance contrast of male and female-owned small accounting practices. Journal Small Business Management, 36, 1-7.
Fischer, E. M.; Reuber, R. A. and Dyke, L. S. (1993). A Theoretical Overview and Extension of Research on sex, gender and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing 8 (2), 151-168.
Gamero, C. y Lassibille, G. (2008). La escolarización, trabajo infantil y satisfacción en el empleo: evidencia para etiopía. Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación, 3, 1-12.
Gatewood, E. J, Gartner, W.B. and Shaver , K. G. (1995). A longitudinal study of cognitive factors influencing start-up behaviours and success at venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 10 (5), 11-31.
Gill, I. (1989). Technological change, education and obsolescence of human capital: Some evidence for the U.S. Mimeo, State University of New York at Buffalo.
Grant, J. and Tancred, P. (1992). Feminist perspective on State Bureaucracy en: Gendering Organizational Analysis. Newbury Park: Ed Mills.
Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33 (3), 114-135.
Guzman, J. y Rodríguez, M. (2008). Comportamiento de las mujeres empresarias: una visión global. Revista de Economía Mundial, 18, 381-392.
Hall, R. (1992). The strategic analysis of intangible resources. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 135-144.
Howells, J. (1999). Regional systems of innovation? In D. Archibugi, J. Howells and J. Michie, Innovation Policy in a Global Economy.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Hunt, P. (1980). Gender and Class Consciousness. London: Macmillan.
Iammarino, S. (2005). An evolutionary integrated view of regional systems of innovation. Concepts, measures and historical perspectives. European Planning Studies, 13 (4).
Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34, 183-202.
Ljunggren, E. and Kolvereid, L. (1996). New business formation: Does gender make a difference? Women in Management Review, 11 (4), 3-12.
Malmberg,A.; Sölvell, O. and Zander, I. (1996). Spatial clistering, local accumulation of knowledge and firm competitiveness. Geografiska Annaler, 78 (2).
Marlow, S. (1997). Self-employed women. New opportunities, old challenges? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 9, 199-210.
Mertens, I. (2002). Formación, productividad y competencia laboral en las organizaciones: conceptos, metodologías y experiencias. Trazos de la formación, 15.
Moore, D. P. and Buttner, E. H. (1997). Women's organizational female business owners: An exploratory study. Journal Small Business Management, July, 18-34.
Murillo, S. (2000). Las relaciones de poder entre hombres y mujeres. Los efectos de aprendizaje de rol en los conflictos y en la violencia de género. Madrid. Federación de Mujeres.
Nelson, R. and Phelps, E. (1996). Investments in humans, technological diffusion and economic growth. American Economic Review, 61, 139-162.
Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 179-191.
Renzulli, L. A., Aldrich, H. and Moody, J. (2000). Family matters: Gender, networks and entrepreneurial outcomes. Social Forces, 79 (2), 523-546.
Rodeiro, D. y López, M. C. (2007). La innovación como factor clave en la competitividad empresarial: un estudio empírico en pymes. Revista Galega de Economía, 16 (2), 1-18.
Saco, D. (1992). Masculinity as signs: poststructualist feminist approaches to the Study of Gender. In S. Craig (Ed.), Men, Masculinity and the Media (pp. 23-39). Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Saurina, C. and Coenders, G. (2002). Predicting overall service quality. A structural equation modelling approach. Developments in Social Science Methodology, Metodoloski Zvezki, 18, 217-238.
Scott, J. (1990). Historia y género: las mujeres en Europa moderna y contemporánea. Valencia: Ediciones Alfons.
Shaktini, N. (1985). Le déplacement du sujet phallique: l'écriture lesbienne de Monique Wittig. Vlasta, 4, 65-77.
Shrader, R. C.; Oviatt, B. M. and McDougall, P. (2000). "How new ventures exploit trade-offs among international risk factors: Lessons for the accelerated internationalization of the 21st Century". Academy of Management Journal, 43 (6), 1227-1247.
Sisson, K. and Storey, J. (2000). Realities of Human Resource Management: Managing the Employment Relationship. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Snell, S. and Dean, J. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: A human capital perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 35 (3), 467-504.
Srinivasan, R.; Woo, C. and Cooper, A. (1994). Performance determinants for male and female entrepreneurs. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Ed. W.D.
Valenzuela, A. (2000). Modelo de capacidades para la internacionalización de la empresa exportadora española. Cuadernos de economía y dirección de la empresa, 5, 91-109.
Ventura, J. (1996). Análisis dinámico de la estrategia empresarial: un ensayo interdisciplinar. Servicio de publicaciones, Universidad de Oviedo.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5 (2), 171-180.
Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R. and Sourav, R. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 105-123.
Arias, A. and Peña, I. (2010). The effect of entrepreneurs' motivation and the local economic environment on young venture performance. International Journal Business Environment, 3 (1), 38-56.
Armstrong, P. and Armstrong, H. (1990). Theorizing women's work. Toronto: Garamond Press.
Autio, E.; Sapienza, H. and Almeida, J. (2000). Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5), 909-924.
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
Bates, T. (1985). Entrepreneur human capital endowments and minority business viability. Journal of Human Resources, 20 (4), 540-554.
Becker, G. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. New York: Columbia University Press.
Beltrán, E.; Maquieira, V.; Álvarez, S. y Sánchez, C. (2001). Feminismos. Debates teóricos contemporáneos. Madrid: Alianza.
Birley, S.; Moss, C. and Sanders, P. (1987). Do women entrepreneurs require different training? American Journal of Small Business, 12 (1), 27-35.
Boden, R. J. and Nucci, A. R. (2000). On the survival prospects of man's and women's new business ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 15 (4), 347-362.
Bosch, E. (2001). Nuevas estrategias en las relaciones hombre-mujer. Papeles de cuestiones internacionales, 73, 83-90.
Braidotti, R. (1991). Patterns of Dissonance. London: Polity Press.
Bruderl, J.; Preisendörfer, P. and Ziegler, R. (1992). Survival chances of newly founded business organizations. American Sociological Review, 57 (2), 227-242.
Buttner, H. and Moore, D. (1997). Women's organizational exodus to entrepreneurship: Self reported motivations and correlates with success. Journal of Small Business Management, 35, 34-46.
Cantwell, J. and Iammarino, S. (2003). Multinational Corporations and European Regional Systems of Innovation. Londres: Routledge. Base de Datos SicenceDirect.
Cantwell, J. and Molero, J. (2003). Introduction. In J. Cantwell and J. Molero (comps.). Multinational Enterprises, Innovative Strategies and Systems of Innovation. London: Edward Elgar. Base de Datos SicenceDirect.
Carlsson, B.; Jacobsson, S.; Holmen, M. and Rickne, A (2002). Innovation systems: analytical and methodological issues. Research Policy, 31 (2), 223-245.
Casrud, A.; Gaglio, C. and Olm, K. (1987). Entrepreneurs, Mentors, Networks, and Successful new venture development. American Journal of Small Business 12 (2), 13-18.
Cliff, J. E. (1998). Does one size fit all? Exploring the relationship between attitudes towards growth, gender, and business size. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 523-542.
Conner, K. R. (1991). A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: Do we have a new theory of the Firm? Journal of Management, 17 (1), 121-154.
Cooke, P.; Gómez, M. and Etxebarria, G. (1997). Regional innovation systems: institutional and organizational dimension. Research Policy, 26 (4-5).
Corona, L. (2002). Innovación y competitividad empresarial. Aportes. Revista de la Facultad de Economía, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, año 2 (20).
Craig, S. (1992). Men, Masculinity and the Media. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Cuervo, A. (1995). La dirección estratégica de la empresa. En Dirección de Empresas de los Noventa. Homenaje al profesor Marcial-Jesús López Moreno, Madrid: Editorial Civitas.
Demartino, R. and Barbato, R. (2003). Differences between women and men MBA entrepreneurs: exploring family flexibility and wealth creation as career motivators. Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (6), 815-832.
Diaz, C. y Jimenez, J. (2004). Influencia del género en la actividad empresarial: diferencias de resultados y factores de éxito. XIV Congreso Nacional de ACEDE, Murcia.
Diéguez, M.; Sinde, A. y Gueimonde, A. (2007). Teoría de recursos y capacidades y teoría del capital humano: bases teóricas de la formación de recursos humanos como mecanismo de apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías de fabricación. Alta Dirección, XLIII, 253-254, 101-109.
Fasci, M. and Valdez, J. (1998). Performance contrast of male and female-owned small accounting practices. Journal Small Business Management, 36, 1-7.
Fischer, E. M.; Reuber, R. A. and Dyke, L. S. (1993). A Theoretical Overview and Extension of Research on sex, gender and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing 8 (2), 151-168.
Gamero, C. y Lassibille, G. (2008). La escolarización, trabajo infantil y satisfacción en el empleo: evidencia para etiopía. Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación, 3, 1-12.
Gatewood, E. J, Gartner, W.B. and Shaver , K. G. (1995). A longitudinal study of cognitive factors influencing start-up behaviours and success at venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 10 (5), 11-31.
Gill, I. (1989). Technological change, education and obsolescence of human capital: Some evidence for the U.S. Mimeo, State University of New York at Buffalo.
Grant, J. and Tancred, P. (1992). Feminist perspective on State Bureaucracy en: Gendering Organizational Analysis. Newbury Park: Ed Mills.
Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33 (3), 114-135.
Guzman, J. y Rodríguez, M. (2008). Comportamiento de las mujeres empresarias: una visión global. Revista de Economía Mundial, 18, 381-392.
Hall, R. (1992). The strategic analysis of intangible resources. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 135-144.
Howells, J. (1999). Regional systems of innovation? In D. Archibugi, J. Howells and J. Michie, Innovation Policy in a Global Economy.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Hunt, P. (1980). Gender and Class Consciousness. London: Macmillan.
Iammarino, S. (2005). An evolutionary integrated view of regional systems of innovation. Concepts, measures and historical perspectives. European Planning Studies, 13 (4).
Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34, 183-202.
Ljunggren, E. and Kolvereid, L. (1996). New business formation: Does gender make a difference? Women in Management Review, 11 (4), 3-12.
Malmberg,A.; Sölvell, O. and Zander, I. (1996). Spatial clistering, local accumulation of knowledge and firm competitiveness. Geografiska Annaler, 78 (2).
Marlow, S. (1997). Self-employed women. New opportunities, old challenges? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 9, 199-210.
Mertens, I. (2002). Formación, productividad y competencia laboral en las organizaciones: conceptos, metodologías y experiencias. Trazos de la formación, 15.
Moore, D. P. and Buttner, E. H. (1997). Women's organizational female business owners: An exploratory study. Journal Small Business Management, July, 18-34.
Murillo, S. (2000). Las relaciones de poder entre hombres y mujeres. Los efectos de aprendizaje de rol en los conflictos y en la violencia de género. Madrid. Federación de Mujeres.
Nelson, R. and Phelps, E. (1996). Investments in humans, technological diffusion and economic growth. American Economic Review, 61, 139-162.
Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 179-191.
Renzulli, L. A., Aldrich, H. and Moody, J. (2000). Family matters: Gender, networks and entrepreneurial outcomes. Social Forces, 79 (2), 523-546.
Rodeiro, D. y López, M. C. (2007). La innovación como factor clave en la competitividad empresarial: un estudio empírico en pymes. Revista Galega de Economía, 16 (2), 1-18.
Saco, D. (1992). Masculinity as signs: poststructualist feminist approaches to the Study of Gender. In S. Craig (Ed.), Men, Masculinity and the Media (pp. 23-39). Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Saurina, C. and Coenders, G. (2002). Predicting overall service quality. A structural equation modelling approach. Developments in Social Science Methodology, Metodoloski Zvezki, 18, 217-238.
Scott, J. (1990). Historia y género: las mujeres en Europa moderna y contemporánea. Valencia: Ediciones Alfons.
Shaktini, N. (1985). Le déplacement du sujet phallique: l'écriture lesbienne de Monique Wittig. Vlasta, 4, 65-77.
Shrader, R. C.; Oviatt, B. M. and McDougall, P. (2000). "How new ventures exploit trade-offs among international risk factors: Lessons for the accelerated internationalization of the 21st Century". Academy of Management Journal, 43 (6), 1227-1247.
Sisson, K. and Storey, J. (2000). Realities of Human Resource Management: Managing the Employment Relationship. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Snell, S. and Dean, J. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: A human capital perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 35 (3), 467-504.
Srinivasan, R.; Woo, C. and Cooper, A. (1994). Performance determinants for male and female entrepreneurs. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Ed. W.D.
Valenzuela, A. (2000). Modelo de capacidades para la internacionalización de la empresa exportadora española. Cuadernos de economía y dirección de la empresa, 5, 91-109.
Ventura, J. (1996). Análisis dinámico de la estrategia empresarial: un ensayo interdisciplinar. Servicio de publicaciones, Universidad de Oviedo.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5 (2), 171-180.
How to Cite
Escandon Barbosa, D., & Arias Sandoval, A. (2011). Factors comprising the competitiveness of businesses created by women and the relationships between them. Cuadernos De Administración, 24(42). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cao24-42.fqcc
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