Estimativa da magnitude da segregação escoar em América Latina
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Mar 1, 2017
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F. Javier Murillo
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-4133
Cynthia Martínez-Garrido
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-0628
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-4133
Cynthia Martínez-Garrido
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-0628
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Resumo
Esta pesquisa procura estimar a magnitude do efeito da segregação escolar socioeconômica, étnico-cultural e por procedência imigrante/ nativo dos países de América Latina. Para isso, se realiza uma exploração especial no banco de dados do terceiro estudo regional comparativo e explicativo, TERCE, do Laboratório Latino-americano de Avaliação da Qualidade da Educação, LLECE (2013), do Escritório Regional de Educação para América Latina e o Caribe da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura, OREALC/UNESCO, para estimar o índice de disparidade numa mostra de 105.847 estudantes de educação primária em 5.733 escolas de 15 países. Os resultados indicam que a segregação escolar é muito alta nos conjunto países de América Latina. A segregação escolar média por nível socioeconômico é de 0,56, de caráter étnico é de 0,92, e por procedência imigrante/nativo de 0,80.
Keywords
References
Agirdag, Orhan; Avermaet, Piet van & Houtte, Mieke van (2013). School Segregation and Math Achievement: A Mixed-Method Study on the Role of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. Teachers College Record , 115 (3), 1-50. Disponible en: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10.1.1.706.5666&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Alegre-Canosa, Miguel Ángel (2010). Casi-mercados, segregación escolar y desigualdad educativa: una trilogía con final abierto. Educação & Sociedade, 31 (113), 1157-1178. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/es/v31n113/06.pdf
Allen, Rebecca & Vignoles, Anna (2006). What Should an Index of School Segregation Measure? London: London School of Economics, Centre for the Economics of Education, CEE. Disponible en: http://cee.lse.ac.uk/ceedps/ceedp60.pdf
Bell, Wendell (1954). A Probability Model for the Measurement of Ecological Segregation. Social Forces, 32 (4), 357-364. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245000687_A_Probability_Model_for_the_Measurement_of_Ecological_Segregation
Bellei, Cristián (2013). El estudio de la segregación socioeconómica y académica de la educación chilena. Estudios Pedagógicos, 39 (1), 325-345. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/estped/v39n1/art19.pdf
Benito-Pérez, Ricard; Alegre-Canosa, Miguel Ángel & González-Balletbò, Isaac (2014). School Segregation and its Effects on Educational Equality and Efficiency in 16 OECD Comprehensive School Systems. Comparative Education Review, 58 (1), 104-134.
Cheng, Shou Chen & Gorard, Stephen (2010). Segregation by Poverty in Secondary Schools in England 2005-2009: A Research Note. Journal of Education Policy, 25 (3), 415-418.
Coleman, James S.; Campbell, Ernest Q.; Hobson, Carol J.; McPartland, James; Mood, Alexander M.; Weinfeld, Frederic D. & York, Robert L. (1966). Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Disponible en: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED012275.pdf
Coleman, James S.; Kelly, Sara D. & Moore, John A. (1975). Trends in School Segregation, 1968-73. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. Disponible en: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED117252.pdf
Delvaux, Bernard (2005). Ségrégation scolaire dans un contexte de libre choix et de ségrégation résidentielle. En Marc Demeuse, Ariane Baye, MarieHélène Straeten, Julien Nicaise & Anne Matoul (eds.). Vers une école juste et efficace: 26 contributions sur les systèmes d’enseignement et de formation: une approche internationale, 275-296. Bruxelles: De Boeck Université.
Driessen, Geert (2002). School Composition and Achievement in Primary Education: A Largescale Multilevel Approach. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 28 (4), 347-368. Disponible en: http://www.geertdriessen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/see02-driessen-schoolcomposition.pdf
Dumay, Xavier & Dupriez, Vincent (2008). Does the School Composition Effect Matter? Evidence from Belgian Data. British Journal of Educational Studies, 56 (4), 440-477. Disponible en https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229698422_Does_the_school_composition_effect_matter_Evidence_from_Belgian_data
Duncan, Otis Dudley & Duncan, Beverly (1955). A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes. American Sociological Review, 20 (2), 210-217. Disponible en: http://personal.psc.isr. umich.edu/yuxie-eb/files/demtech/Duncan_Duncan1955.pdf
Dupriez, Vincent (2010). Methods of Grouping Learners at School. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO. Disponible en: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001876/187616e.pdf
Echenique, Federico & Fryer, Roland G., Jr. (2007). A Measure of Segregation Based on Social Interactions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122 (2), 441-485. Texto disponible en: http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/fryer/files/a_measure_of_segregation_based_on_social_interactions.pdf
Elacqua, Gregory M. (2012). The Impact of School Choice and Public Policy on Segregation: Evidence from Chile. International Journal of Educational Development, 32 (3), 444-453.
Felouzis, Georges (2003). La ségrégation ethnique au collège et ses conséquences. Revue Française de Sociologie, 44 (3), 413-447. Disponible en: http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_443_0413&DocId=205588
Frankenberg, Erica & Lee, Chungmei (2002). Race in American Public Schools: Rapidly Resegregating School Districts. Boston, MA: Harvard Civil Rights Project. Disponible en: https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/race-in-american-publicschools-rapidly-resegregating-school-districts/frankenberg-rapidly-resegregating-2002.pdf
Gasparini, Leonardo C.; Jaume, David; Serio, Montserrat & Vázquez, Emmanuel (2011). La segregación escolar en Argentina. Reconstruyendo la evidencia. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales, CEDLAS. Disponible en: http://cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/archivos_upload/doc_cedlas123.pdf
Glaeser, Edward L. & Vigdor, Jacob L. (2001). Racial Segregation in the 2000 Census: Promising News. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Disponible en: https://www.brookings.edu/research/racial-segregation-in-the-2000-census-promising-news/ , https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/glaeser.pdf
Gorard, Stephen (2000). Education and Social Justice: the Changing Composition of Schools and its Implications. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Gorard, Stephen (2009). Does the Index of Segregation Matter? The Composition of Secondary Schools in England since 1996. British Educational Research Journal, BERJ, 35 (4), 639-652. Disponible en: http://eprints.bham.ac.uk/303/
Gorard, Stephen; Hordosy, Rita & See, Beng Huat (2013). Narrowing Down the Determinants of between-School Segregation: An Analysis of the Intake to All Schools in England, 1989-2011. Journal of School Choice: International Research and Reform, 7 (2), 182-195.
Gorard, Stephen & Smith, Emma (2004). An International Comparison of Equity in Education Systems. Comparative Education, 40 (1), 15-28.
Hutchens, Robert (2004). One Measure of Segregation. International Economic Review, 45 (2), 555-578.
Ireson, Judith & Hallam, Susan (2001). Ability Grouping in Education. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
James, David R. & Taeuber, Karl E. (1985). Measures of Segregation. En Nancy B. Tuma (ed.). Sociological Methodology, 1-32. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
Jenkins, Stephen P.; Micklewright, John & Schnepf, Sylke V. (2008). Social Segregation in Secondary Schools: How Does England Compare with Other Countries? Oxford Review of Education, 34 (1), 21-37.
Johnson, Rucker C. (2011). Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation & School Quality on Adult Attainments. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 16664. Disponible en: http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ruckerj/johnson_schooldesegregation_NBERw16664.pdf
Krüger, Natalia (2011). The Segmentation of the Argentine Education System: Evidence from PISA 2009. Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 11 (3), 41-64. Disponible en: http://www.usc.es/economet/journals2/eers/eers1133.pdf
Krüger, Natalia (2012). Equidad educativa interna y externa en Argentina: un análisis para las últimas décadas (Tesis de doctorado en Economía). Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Disponible en: http://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/2424/1/Tesis%20doctoral%20Kr%C3%BCger.pdf
Krüger, Natalia (2013). Segregación social y desigualdad de logros educativos en Argentina. Education Policy Analysis Archives/Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas, 21 (86), 1-26. Disponible en: http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/download/1352/1418
Laboratorio Latinoamericano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación, LLECE (2013). Tercer estudio regional comparativo y explicativo, TERCE. Santiago: Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, OREALC/UNESCO. Disponible en: http://www.unesco.org/new/es/santiago/education/education-assessment/thirdregional-comparative-and-explanatory-study-terce/
Logan, John R.; Minca, Elisabeta & Adar, Sinem (2012). The Geography of Inequality: Why Separate Means Unequal in American Public Schools. Sociology of Education, 85, 287-301. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832260/
Logan, John R. & Oakley, Deirdre (2004). The Continuing Legacy of the Brown Decision: Court Action and School Segregation, 1960-2000. Nueva York: Lewis Mumford Center for Comparative Urban and Regional Research. Disponible en: https://s4.ad.brown.edu/Projects/usschools/reports/report2.pdf
Massey, Douglas S. & Denton, Nancy A. (1994). Hypersegregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Black and Hispanic Segregation along Five Dimensions. Demography, 26 (3), 373-393.
Murillo-Torrecilla, F. Javier & Martínez-Garrido, Cynthia (2015). La formación de directores y directoras, un factor (más) de inequidad escolar en América Latina. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 69, 241-266. Disponible en: http://rieoei.org/rie69a11.pdf
Murillo-Torrecilla, F. Javier & Román, Marcela (2011). School Infrastructure and Resources Do Matter: Analysis of the Incidence of School Resources on the Performance of Latin American Students. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 22 (1), 29-50.
Orfield, Gary (2001). Schools More Separate: Consequences of a Decade of Resegregation. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Disponible en: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED459217.pdf
Orfield, Gary & Lee, Chungmei (2005). Why Segregation Matters: Poverty and Educational Inequality. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Disponible en: https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integrationand-diversity/why-segregation-matters-povertyand-educational-inequality/orfield-why-segregation-matters-2005.pdf
Orfield, G. & Lee, Chungmei (2007). Historic Reversals, Accelerating Resegregation, and the Need for New Integration Strategies. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Disponible en: https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/historic-reversals-accelerating-resegregation-and-the-need-for-new-integration-strategies-1/orfield-historic-reversals-accelerating.pdf
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD (2010). Informe Regional sobre Desarrollo Humano para América Latina y el Caribe 2010. Actuar sobre el futuro: romper la transmisión intergeneracional de la desigualdad. Nueva York: Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD. Disponible en: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/rhdr-2010-rblac.pdf
Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Reardon, Sean F. & Owens, Ann (2013). 60 Years after Brown [Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision]: Trends and Consequences of School Segregation. Annual Review of Sociology, 40, 199-218.
Rumberger, Russell W. & Palardy, Gregory J. (2005). Does Segregation Still Matter? The Impact of Student Composition on Academic Achievement in High School. The Teachers College Record, 107 (9), 1999-2045. Disponible en: http://intranet.niacc.edu/pres_copy(1)/ILC/Does%20Segregation%20Still%20Matter%20-The%20Impact%20of%20Student%20Composition%20on%20Academic%20Achievement%20in%20High%20School.pdf
Saporito, Salvatore & Sohoni, Deenesh (2007). Mapping Educational Inequality: Concentrations of Poverty among Poor and Minority Students in Public Schools. Social Forces, 85 (3), 1227-1254.
Stephan, Walter (ed.) (2013). School Desegregation: Past, Present, and Future. Nueva York: Springer.
Stroub, Kori J. & Richards, Meredith P. (2013). From Resegregation to Reintegration: Trends in the Racial/Ethnic Segregation of Metropolitan Public Schools, 1993-2009. American Educational Research Journal, 50 (3), 497-531.
Valenzuela, Juan Pablo; Bellei, Cristián & Los Ríos, Danae de (2010). Segregación escolar en Chile. En Sergio Martinic & Gregory lacqua (eds.). ¿Fin de ciclo? Cambios en la gobernanza del sistema educativo chileno, 209-229. Santiago: UNESCO. Disponible en: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001905/190544S.pdf
Valenzuela, Juan Pablo; Bellei, Cristián & Los Ríos, Danae de (2014). Socioeconomic School Segregation in a Market-Oriented Educational System. The Case of Chile. Journal of Education Policy, 29 (2), 217-241.
Vázquez, Emmanuel (2012). Segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico. Midiendo el fenómeno y explorando sus determinantes. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales, CEDLAS. Disponible en: http://cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/download.php?file=archivos_upload/doc_cedlas128.pdf
Watson, Tara (2009). Inequality and the Measurement of Residential Segregation by Income in American Neighborhoods. Review of Income and Wealth, ROIW, 55 (3), 820-844. Disponible en: http://www.roiw.org/2009/2009-25.pdf
Wilson, William Julius (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.
Alegre-Canosa, Miguel Ángel (2010). Casi-mercados, segregación escolar y desigualdad educativa: una trilogía con final abierto. Educação & Sociedade, 31 (113), 1157-1178. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/es/v31n113/06.pdf
Allen, Rebecca & Vignoles, Anna (2006). What Should an Index of School Segregation Measure? London: London School of Economics, Centre for the Economics of Education, CEE. Disponible en: http://cee.lse.ac.uk/ceedps/ceedp60.pdf
Bell, Wendell (1954). A Probability Model for the Measurement of Ecological Segregation. Social Forces, 32 (4), 357-364. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245000687_A_Probability_Model_for_the_Measurement_of_Ecological_Segregation
Bellei, Cristián (2013). El estudio de la segregación socioeconómica y académica de la educación chilena. Estudios Pedagógicos, 39 (1), 325-345. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/estped/v39n1/art19.pdf
Benito-Pérez, Ricard; Alegre-Canosa, Miguel Ángel & González-Balletbò, Isaac (2014). School Segregation and its Effects on Educational Equality and Efficiency in 16 OECD Comprehensive School Systems. Comparative Education Review, 58 (1), 104-134.
Cheng, Shou Chen & Gorard, Stephen (2010). Segregation by Poverty in Secondary Schools in England 2005-2009: A Research Note. Journal of Education Policy, 25 (3), 415-418.
Coleman, James S.; Campbell, Ernest Q.; Hobson, Carol J.; McPartland, James; Mood, Alexander M.; Weinfeld, Frederic D. & York, Robert L. (1966). Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Disponible en: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED012275.pdf
Coleman, James S.; Kelly, Sara D. & Moore, John A. (1975). Trends in School Segregation, 1968-73. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. Disponible en: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED117252.pdf
Delvaux, Bernard (2005). Ségrégation scolaire dans un contexte de libre choix et de ségrégation résidentielle. En Marc Demeuse, Ariane Baye, MarieHélène Straeten, Julien Nicaise & Anne Matoul (eds.). Vers une école juste et efficace: 26 contributions sur les systèmes d’enseignement et de formation: une approche internationale, 275-296. Bruxelles: De Boeck Université.
Driessen, Geert (2002). School Composition and Achievement in Primary Education: A Largescale Multilevel Approach. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 28 (4), 347-368. Disponible en: http://www.geertdriessen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/see02-driessen-schoolcomposition.pdf
Dumay, Xavier & Dupriez, Vincent (2008). Does the School Composition Effect Matter? Evidence from Belgian Data. British Journal of Educational Studies, 56 (4), 440-477. Disponible en https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229698422_Does_the_school_composition_effect_matter_Evidence_from_Belgian_data
Duncan, Otis Dudley & Duncan, Beverly (1955). A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes. American Sociological Review, 20 (2), 210-217. Disponible en: http://personal.psc.isr. umich.edu/yuxie-eb/files/demtech/Duncan_Duncan1955.pdf
Dupriez, Vincent (2010). Methods of Grouping Learners at School. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO. Disponible en: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001876/187616e.pdf
Echenique, Federico & Fryer, Roland G., Jr. (2007). A Measure of Segregation Based on Social Interactions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122 (2), 441-485. Texto disponible en: http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/fryer/files/a_measure_of_segregation_based_on_social_interactions.pdf
Elacqua, Gregory M. (2012). The Impact of School Choice and Public Policy on Segregation: Evidence from Chile. International Journal of Educational Development, 32 (3), 444-453.
Felouzis, Georges (2003). La ségrégation ethnique au collège et ses conséquences. Revue Française de Sociologie, 44 (3), 413-447. Disponible en: http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_443_0413&DocId=205588
Frankenberg, Erica & Lee, Chungmei (2002). Race in American Public Schools: Rapidly Resegregating School Districts. Boston, MA: Harvard Civil Rights Project. Disponible en: https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/race-in-american-publicschools-rapidly-resegregating-school-districts/frankenberg-rapidly-resegregating-2002.pdf
Gasparini, Leonardo C.; Jaume, David; Serio, Montserrat & Vázquez, Emmanuel (2011). La segregación escolar en Argentina. Reconstruyendo la evidencia. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales, CEDLAS. Disponible en: http://cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/archivos_upload/doc_cedlas123.pdf
Glaeser, Edward L. & Vigdor, Jacob L. (2001). Racial Segregation in the 2000 Census: Promising News. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Disponible en: https://www.brookings.edu/research/racial-segregation-in-the-2000-census-promising-news/ , https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/glaeser.pdf
Gorard, Stephen (2000). Education and Social Justice: the Changing Composition of Schools and its Implications. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Gorard, Stephen (2009). Does the Index of Segregation Matter? The Composition of Secondary Schools in England since 1996. British Educational Research Journal, BERJ, 35 (4), 639-652. Disponible en: http://eprints.bham.ac.uk/303/
Gorard, Stephen; Hordosy, Rita & See, Beng Huat (2013). Narrowing Down the Determinants of between-School Segregation: An Analysis of the Intake to All Schools in England, 1989-2011. Journal of School Choice: International Research and Reform, 7 (2), 182-195.
Gorard, Stephen & Smith, Emma (2004). An International Comparison of Equity in Education Systems. Comparative Education, 40 (1), 15-28.
Hutchens, Robert (2004). One Measure of Segregation. International Economic Review, 45 (2), 555-578.
Ireson, Judith & Hallam, Susan (2001). Ability Grouping in Education. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
James, David R. & Taeuber, Karl E. (1985). Measures of Segregation. En Nancy B. Tuma (ed.). Sociological Methodology, 1-32. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
Jenkins, Stephen P.; Micklewright, John & Schnepf, Sylke V. (2008). Social Segregation in Secondary Schools: How Does England Compare with Other Countries? Oxford Review of Education, 34 (1), 21-37.
Johnson, Rucker C. (2011). Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation & School Quality on Adult Attainments. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 16664. Disponible en: http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ruckerj/johnson_schooldesegregation_NBERw16664.pdf
Krüger, Natalia (2011). The Segmentation of the Argentine Education System: Evidence from PISA 2009. Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 11 (3), 41-64. Disponible en: http://www.usc.es/economet/journals2/eers/eers1133.pdf
Krüger, Natalia (2012). Equidad educativa interna y externa en Argentina: un análisis para las últimas décadas (Tesis de doctorado en Economía). Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Disponible en: http://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/2424/1/Tesis%20doctoral%20Kr%C3%BCger.pdf
Krüger, Natalia (2013). Segregación social y desigualdad de logros educativos en Argentina. Education Policy Analysis Archives/Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas, 21 (86), 1-26. Disponible en: http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/download/1352/1418
Laboratorio Latinoamericano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación, LLECE (2013). Tercer estudio regional comparativo y explicativo, TERCE. Santiago: Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, OREALC/UNESCO. Disponible en: http://www.unesco.org/new/es/santiago/education/education-assessment/thirdregional-comparative-and-explanatory-study-terce/
Logan, John R.; Minca, Elisabeta & Adar, Sinem (2012). The Geography of Inequality: Why Separate Means Unequal in American Public Schools. Sociology of Education, 85, 287-301. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832260/
Logan, John R. & Oakley, Deirdre (2004). The Continuing Legacy of the Brown Decision: Court Action and School Segregation, 1960-2000. Nueva York: Lewis Mumford Center for Comparative Urban and Regional Research. Disponible en: https://s4.ad.brown.edu/Projects/usschools/reports/report2.pdf
Massey, Douglas S. & Denton, Nancy A. (1994). Hypersegregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Black and Hispanic Segregation along Five Dimensions. Demography, 26 (3), 373-393.
Murillo-Torrecilla, F. Javier & Martínez-Garrido, Cynthia (2015). La formación de directores y directoras, un factor (más) de inequidad escolar en América Latina. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 69, 241-266. Disponible en: http://rieoei.org/rie69a11.pdf
Murillo-Torrecilla, F. Javier & Román, Marcela (2011). School Infrastructure and Resources Do Matter: Analysis of the Incidence of School Resources on the Performance of Latin American Students. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 22 (1), 29-50.
Orfield, Gary (2001). Schools More Separate: Consequences of a Decade of Resegregation. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Disponible en: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED459217.pdf
Orfield, Gary & Lee, Chungmei (2005). Why Segregation Matters: Poverty and Educational Inequality. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Disponible en: https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integrationand-diversity/why-segregation-matters-povertyand-educational-inequality/orfield-why-segregation-matters-2005.pdf
Orfield, G. & Lee, Chungmei (2007). Historic Reversals, Accelerating Resegregation, and the Need for New Integration Strategies. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Disponible en: https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/historic-reversals-accelerating-resegregation-and-the-need-for-new-integration-strategies-1/orfield-historic-reversals-accelerating.pdf
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD (2010). Informe Regional sobre Desarrollo Humano para América Latina y el Caribe 2010. Actuar sobre el futuro: romper la transmisión intergeneracional de la desigualdad. Nueva York: Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD. Disponible en: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/rhdr-2010-rblac.pdf
Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Reardon, Sean F. & Owens, Ann (2013). 60 Years after Brown [Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision]: Trends and Consequences of School Segregation. Annual Review of Sociology, 40, 199-218.
Rumberger, Russell W. & Palardy, Gregory J. (2005). Does Segregation Still Matter? The Impact of Student Composition on Academic Achievement in High School. The Teachers College Record, 107 (9), 1999-2045. Disponible en: http://intranet.niacc.edu/pres_copy(1)/ILC/Does%20Segregation%20Still%20Matter%20-The%20Impact%20of%20Student%20Composition%20on%20Academic%20Achievement%20in%20High%20School.pdf
Saporito, Salvatore & Sohoni, Deenesh (2007). Mapping Educational Inequality: Concentrations of Poverty among Poor and Minority Students in Public Schools. Social Forces, 85 (3), 1227-1254.
Stephan, Walter (ed.) (2013). School Desegregation: Past, Present, and Future. Nueva York: Springer.
Stroub, Kori J. & Richards, Meredith P. (2013). From Resegregation to Reintegration: Trends in the Racial/Ethnic Segregation of Metropolitan Public Schools, 1993-2009. American Educational Research Journal, 50 (3), 497-531.
Valenzuela, Juan Pablo; Bellei, Cristián & Los Ríos, Danae de (2010). Segregación escolar en Chile. En Sergio Martinic & Gregory lacqua (eds.). ¿Fin de ciclo? Cambios en la gobernanza del sistema educativo chileno, 209-229. Santiago: UNESCO. Disponible en: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001905/190544S.pdf
Valenzuela, Juan Pablo; Bellei, Cristián & Los Ríos, Danae de (2014). Socioeconomic School Segregation in a Market-Oriented Educational System. The Case of Chile. Journal of Education Policy, 29 (2), 217-241.
Vázquez, Emmanuel (2012). Segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico. Midiendo el fenómeno y explorando sus determinantes. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales, CEDLAS. Disponible en: http://cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/download.php?file=archivos_upload/doc_cedlas128.pdf
Watson, Tara (2009). Inequality and the Measurement of Residential Segregation by Income in American Neighborhoods. Review of Income and Wealth, ROIW, 55 (3), 820-844. Disponible en: http://www.roiw.org/2009/2009-25.pdf
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Como Citar
Murillo, F. J., & Martínez-Garrido, C. (2017). Estimativa da magnitude da segregação escoar em América Latina. Revista Internacional De Pesquisa Em Educacao, 9(19), 11–30. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.m9-19.emse
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